Toilet basics: Understanding the different components


 The most common colours are white and almond. Gravity-fed toilets operate with a conventional flush, in which water flowing from the tank is released into the bowl and its weight and the force of gravity pull the waste down the drain.

Pressure units use the pressure built up in the water supply to increase the force of the flush. They tend to be noisier than gravity-fed models, but the bowl empties quickly (within 4 seconds). The larger water holding surface reduces the formation of stains. Since the siphon of pressure models has fewer bends, it is less likely to clog than a gravity-fed system.

 Some models are even designed to automatically flush when the seat lid is closed. Double flushers are equipped with a lever that uses 1.6 gallons for solid waste removal and 1.1 gallons for liquid waste.

The footprint is the distance between the finished wall and the centre of the sewer outlet. The standard footprint is 10, 12 or 14 inches. Another style is the one-piece toilet.

Flush handle

The flush handle activates the ball of the flush valve. It is usually sold in combination with the trigger lever. It is attached with a left-handed screw, which is screwed in a counter-clockwise direction. This prevents accidental unscrewing during use.

Exhaust valve seat

Located at the bottom of the tank, the flush valve seat surrounds the opening that lets water into the tank. It is held closed by a rubber ball or flapper. The flush valve seat is connected to the overflow pipe, which drains water into the tank if the water level exceeds it. This is a good safety precaution in case the inlet valve fails.

Flap valve seat ball

Also called the flap valve seat ball, this device is located on the rinse valve seat and is connected to the trigger lever with a chain, rod or guide arm. When the handle on the outside of the toilet tank is pressed, the trigger lever is raised, which pulls the flapper from its seat. The water inside the tank pours through the opening to flush the toilet bowl.

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